[轉貼]VMware 備份：vcbMounter crontab Linux shell script 自動備份
<a href="http://blog.slps.tp.edu.tw/00086/?p=223">http://blog.slps.tp.edu.tw/00086/?p=223</a>
<div><p style="border: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 1.625em; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(187, 187, 187); line-height: 23px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(15, 15, 15); "><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; ">使用排程來定期備份是一個想法, 但是要做到不停機, 用 VM EXPLORER 耗時太久, 而且要使用排程還得要買PRO版, 太貴! 於是就使用了 crontab + Linux shell script + vcbMounter 的方式啦!</span></p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 1.625em; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(187, 187, 187); line-height: 23px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(15, 15, 15); "><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; "><span id="more-223" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; "></span>關於 vcbMounter 的使用方式, 前面有介紹了, 這裡就 Linux shell scripe 及 crontab 來說明!</span></p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 1.625em; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(187, 187, 187); line-height: 23px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(15, 15, 15); "><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; ">1. Linux shell script : 這裡可以參考鳥哥的Linux私房菜, 我就不贅述, 直接寫出! 為了要達到自動, 備份的資料夾當要以日期為主, 取得當下備份的日期方法如下:</span></p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 1.625em; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(187, 187, 187); line-height: 23px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(15, 15, 15); "><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); ">date +%Y%m%%d —> 20101113</span></p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 1.625em; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(187, 187, 187); line-height: 23px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(15, 15, 15); "><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; ">我將檔案建立在 /root 下, 名稱是 vcb.sh , 所以我的 script 的寫法範例如下:</span></p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 1.625em; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(187, 187, 187); line-height: 23px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(15, 15, 15); "><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; ">=========================================================== </span></p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 1.625em; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(187, 187, 187); line-height: 23px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(15, 15, 15); "><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); ">#!/bin/bash</span></p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 1.625em; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(187, 187, 187); line-height: 23px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(15, 15, 15); "><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); ">mkdir /vmfs/volumes/n7700xxxxxx01/$(date +%Y%m%d)</span></p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 1.625em; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(187, 187, 187); line-height: 23px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(15, 15, 15); "><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; ">/usr/sbin/vcbMounter -h 192.168.0.1 -u root -p 1234 -a name:VPN -r /vmfs/volumes/n7700xxxxxx01/$(date +%Y%m%d)/VPN -t fullvm – M 1</span></p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 1.625em; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(187, 187, 187); line-height: 23px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(15, 15, 15); "><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; ">=========================================================================== </span></p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 1.625em; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(187, 187, 187); line-height: 23px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(15, 15, 15); "><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; ">第三行是一整行喔, 有多少個VM, 第三行的方式就一直加入即可! date 與 + 中間要空一格! hostIP & 密碼是範例, 請依照自己的需求修改!</span></p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 1.625em; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(187, 187, 187); line-height: 23px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(15, 15, 15); "><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; ">2. crontab 部分: 這裡也可以參考鳥哥的Linux私房菜, 不過有點麻煩, 不是因為語法, 而是 ESX 因為有完整的 Linux 指令及功能, 所以可以直接使用 crontab & crond 的方式, 但是 ESXi 就沒這麼方便, 但是還是可以設定, 請參考: <a href="http://communities.vmware.com/thread/243910" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(17, 89, 143); text-decoration: none; "><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 102, 204); ">http://communities.vmware.com/thread/243910</span></a> , 使用 root 的 crontabs, 資料夾是 : /var/spool/cron/crontabs/root , 那個 root 是一個 crontab 檔案, 用 vi 開啟即可!</span></p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 1.625em; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(187, 187, 187); line-height: 23px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(15, 15, 15); "><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; ">接下來我因為使用 ESX Server, 所以就可以直接用 vi /etc/crontab 的方式編輯, 進入 crontab 後, 我是加上這一行:</span></p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 1.625em; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(187, 187, 187); line-height: 23px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(15, 15, 15); "><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; ">=========================================================================== </span></p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 1.625em; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(187, 187, 187); line-height: 23px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(15, 15, 15); "><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; ">* 0 * * 6 root /root/vcb.sh</span></p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 1.625em; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(187, 187, 187); line-height: 23px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(15, 15, 15); "><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; ">=========================================================================== </span></p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 1.625em; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(187, 187, 187); line-height: 23px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(15, 15, 15); "><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; ">這個意思是每周六的0點0分, 以 root 身分執行 /root/vcb.sh 的 shell script 內容, 而 vcb.sh 就是第1部分建立的檔案啦! 如果是 ESXi 的話, 也是加上同樣一行!</span></p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 1.625em; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(187, 187, 187); line-height: 23px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(15, 15, 15); "><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; ">但是 crond 是每一分鐘去檢查 crontab 的內容, 如果要把加入的指令立刻執行, 請重新啟動 crond 啦, 方法如下:</span></p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 1.625em; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(187, 187, 187); line-height: 23px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(15, 15, 15); "><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; ">=========================================================== </span></p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 1.625em; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(187, 187, 187); line-height: 23px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(15, 15, 15); "><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; ">/etc/init.d/crond restart</span></p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 1.625em; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(187, 187, 187); line-height: 23px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(15, 15, 15); "><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; ">=========================================================== </span></p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 1.625em; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(187, 187, 187); line-height: 23px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(15, 15, 15); "><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; ">這樣就可以達動整個自動排程備份的方式了, 依照我的環境, 備份8個VM, 原始大小以 thick 方式大約占 1.5TB, 從開始備份到結束大約花了 3:40 左右, 備份後的總容量大約壓縮到 190GB 左右, 而且是 Online 的情況下, 速度 & 體積都算達到一個滿意的程度, 而且完全免費及自動, 提供給各位參考! ESXi 的備份可能就得請各位自行試試看!</span></p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 1.625em; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(187, 187, 187); line-height: 23px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(15, 15, 15); "><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; ">在上面提到的 VMware 那篇討論, 也有 ESX(i) 一個自動備份的 shell script :<a href="http://communities.vmware.com/docs/DOC-8760" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(17, 89, 143); text-decoration: none; "><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 102, 204); ">http://communities.vmware.com/docs/DOC-8760</span></a> 算是功能齊全, 不過有點麻煩, 我看了一下, 還是自己用比較簡單的方式就好!</span></p><p style="border: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 1.625em; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(187, 187, 187); line-height: 23px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(15, 15, 15); "><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; ">如果覺得用 vi 還是麻煩的話, 可以使用 winSCP 這個程式以 ssh 方式連上 ESX(i) Server, 這個也是 GUI 的方式, 有點像檔案總管, 就可以指定到要看的目錄, 直接開啟相關要編輯的檔案, 也算是方便啦!</span></p><div class="nr_clear" style="border: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; clear: both; color: rgb(187, 187, 187); line-height: 23px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(15, 15, 15); "></div><div id="nrelate_related_1" class="nrelate nrelate_related nrelate_default nr_1col nr_100" style="border: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 5px 1px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: none; background-color: rgb(15, 15, 15); -webkit-box-shadow: none; box-shadow: none; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; -webkit-transform: none; position: relative; color: rgb(187, 187, 187); line-height: 23px; text-align: -webkit-auto; "><h3 class="nr_title" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 5px; outline: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; vertical-align: baseline; clear: both; letter-spacing: 0.1em; line-height: 2.6em; text-transform: uppercase; ">YOU MAY ALSO LIKE -</h3></div></div>