第三章 TCP/IP通訊協定
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<p><font face="Times New Roman"><strong><span style="font-size: 16pt;"><span>第三章<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 16pt;">TCP/IP</span></strong></font><strong><span style="font-size: 16pt;">通訊協定</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 16pt;"></span></strong></p>
<p><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span>一、<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Microsoft TCP/IP</span></font></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman"> 1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></font></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;">工業標準通訊協定的集合</span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman"> 2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></font></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;">可路由的企業網路通訊協定</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman"> 3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></font></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;">連結異質網路系統環境的技術</span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman"> 4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></font></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;">堅固、擴充能力、及跨平台的主</span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;">從式架構</span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 13pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman"> 5.</font></span></span><span style="font-size: 13pt;">存取網際網路資源的方法</span><span style="font-size: 13pt;"></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">二、<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></font></span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">安裝及設定</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">Microsoft TCP/IP(</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">略</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman">三、<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></font></span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">使用</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">IPCONFIG</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">及</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">PING</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">來測試</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">Microsoft TCP/IP</font></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span><font face="Times New Roman"> 1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></font></span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">使用</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">IPCONFIG</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">及</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">PING</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">來測試</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">Microsoft TCP/IP</font></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt;"></span> <img src="http://tw.f14.yahoofs.com/myper/na7P9NGBBQcc54VwtIxozwTKYzE-/blog/ap_20060905080346142.jpg?TTo7YMIBgelg85nD" height="151" width="306"></p>
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<p><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span>四、<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">TCP/IP</span></font><span style="font-size: 14pt;">通訊協定成員的架構</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt;"></span> </p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"> <img src="http://tw.f14.yahoofs.com/myper/na7P9NGBBQcc54VwtIxozwTKYzE-/blog/ap_20060905080350335.jpg?TTo7YMIBb9aCe08r" height="89" width="469"></font></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt;"></span> </p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt;"></span> <img src="http://tw.f14.yahoofs.com/myper/na7P9NGBBQcc54VwtIxozwTKYzE-/blog/ap_20060905080354766.jpg?TTo7YMIBal0nZeGi" height="338" width="499"></p>
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<p><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> 1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Address Resolution Protocol(ARP)</span></font></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;"><span> l<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">將</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">IP</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">位址對映到硬體位址</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(MAC Address)</font></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;"><span> l<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">ARP</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">使用本地</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">Broadcast</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">來取得硬體位址</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;"><span> l<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">位址對映的結果是存放在快取內</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(Cache)</font></span></p>
<p><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> 2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Internet Control Message Protocol(ICMP)</span></font></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;"><span> l</span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">回應錯誤和訊息</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;"><span> l</span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">除錯能力和目的端回報，重要：</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;"><span> Ø</span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">Destination Unreachable:</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">由路由器或目的主機告知原發送端，其</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">IP</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">資料無法傳遞到達</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;"><span> Ø</span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">Echo Request</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">：除錯訊息，用來檢查</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">IP</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">封包是否傳達目的主機</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;"><span> l<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">路由導向功能</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;"><span> l<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">流量控管</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></p>
<p><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> 3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Internet Group Management Protocol(IGMP)</span></font></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;"><span> l</span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">多址傳送</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(Multicast)</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">，例如網路第四台</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;"><span> l<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">三個支援等級</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;"><span> l<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">應用於多媒體、串流資訊的環境</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;"><span> l<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">指定對象傳送</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></p>
<p><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> 4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Internet Protocol(IP)</span></font></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;"><span> l<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">定址及轉送封包</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;"><span> l<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">非連結─沒有建立關聯</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(Session)</font></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;"><span> l</span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">不保證傳輸之絕對抵達目的端</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;"><span> l</span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">由上層通訊協定或應用程式負責可靠的傳遞</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;"><span> l</span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">封包的切割及重組</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></p>
<p><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> 5.</span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Ports and Sockets</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> 6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Transmission Control Protocol(TCP)</span></font></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;"><span> l</span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">連結導向─交換資料前先建立關聯</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(Session)</font></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;"><span> l</span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">可靠性的傳遞</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;"><span> Ø</span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">序號</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(Sequence numbers)</font></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;"><span> Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">確認</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(Acknowledgments)</font></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;"><span> l<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">位元流通訊模式</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(Byte-Stream)</font></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;"><span> l</span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">運用</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">Port </font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">號碼識別通訊之結束點</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></p>
<p><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span> 7.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">User Datagram Protocol(UDP)</span></font></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;"><span> l<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">非連結導向─沒有建立關聯</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(Session)</font></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;"><span> l<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">不保證傳輸之絕對抵達目的端─有問題的就丟掉</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;"><span> Ø</span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">沒有序號</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(Sequence numbers)</font></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;"><span> Ø</span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">沒有確認</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(Acknowledgments)</font></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;"><span> l<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">由應用程式負責可靠的傳遞</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></p>
<span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;"><span> l<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">運用</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">Port </font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">號碼識別通訊之結束點</span><br>